Everything about Japan-korea Annexation Treaty totally explained
The
Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty was signed on
August 22,
1910 by the representatives of the
Korean and
Japanese Imperial Governments, and was proclaimed to the public (and became effective) on
August 29, officially starting the
period of Japanese rule in Korea. The
treaty had eight articles, number one being: "His Majesty the Emperor of Korea makes the complete and permanent cession to His Majesty the
Emperor of Japan of all rights of sovereignty over the whole of Korea."
In modern Korea, the treaty is also commonly called "
Hanil Hapbang Neugyak (한일 합방 늑약)," which simply means a coerced (and hence invalid) treaty ("
neugyak") of Korea's annexation to Japan. The event itself is also called "
Gyeongsul Gukchi (경술국치)," which means "the humiliation of the nation in the
Year of the Dog." The day it happened,
August 29, is remembered today as "
Gukchi-il (국치일)," that is, "the day of national shame."
Legality
The legality of the Treaty is disputed, and its legitimacy has been rejected in Korea ever since, and later by the
Allied forces that occupied Japan after
World War II. The Emperor of Korea,
Emperor Yung-hui, refused to sign the treaty as required, and the treaty, while affixed with the national seal of the Korean Empire, doesn't bear his signature as dictated by Korean law. The treaty was instead signed by Prime Minister
Lee Wan-Yong of Korea and
Resident General Count Terauchi Masatake of Japan. In his last testament in 1926, Emperor Yung-hui affirmed that the treaty was forced through by ministers threatened and bribed by the Japanese. It is believed that the seal was originally hidden by
Empress Sunjeong, and that it was physically forced off her by others.
The
1965 Treaty of Basic Relations between South Korea and Japan declared that
It is confirmed that all treaties or agreements concluded between the Empire of Japan and the Empire of Korea on or before August 22, 1910 are already null and void.
Due to ambiguities in the wording in
Japanese, Japan interprets the above clause to mean that the 1910 Treaty was still valid until the signing of the 1965 Treaty, whereas both South and North Korea interpret the clause to mean the treaty was already null and void, an interpretation which is upheld in the
English text, of which the final paragraph of the 1965 Treaty agrees should be used in case of any conflict of interpretation.
Further Information
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